Shingle



Feb- 1, 1949- J. L. KILLINGswoRTH 2,460,353

SHINGLE Filed May 9, 1946 2 Sheets-Sheet l aff/10W Feb- 1, 1949. J. KILLINGswoR-rH SHINGLE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 9, 1946 .wan m Patented Feb. l, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFCE Claims.

The present invention relates to a shingle applied to roofs; a-shingle used as siding or for any covering purpose to make a structure water tight and weather proof. More particularly it relates to a shingle of T shape, made of any suitable material and said shingles when laid, interlocking together to make a covering surface not easily pulled apart. l

An object of the invention among others is to provide a shingle which can be used on new construction or on old construction as a re-roofer without the use of felt on, roof sheathing or removal of old roong; a shingle when adjoining shingles are attached that requires only one attaching means with said attaching means being so protected that leakage can never occur through holes in the shingles made by the attaching means; a shingle that gives a positive two layer coverage at every point being covered and at some points, a three layer coverage; a shingle that may be cut or stamped from a blank of material without any Waste in cutting or stamping, a shingle that presents a strong interlock between adjoining shingles to give added protection to the assembled covering against windstorm; a shingle wherein the installation cost is held to a minimum and is much cheaper to install than any known shingle today; a shingle that makes a durable and long lasting covering when applied; a shingle simple and economical lto manufacture and a shingle that can easily be replaced in an existing covering if need rises i'or repair.

In carrying out the objects of the invention there is shown an interlocking shingle of substantially T shape comprising top, middle and bottom portions with the bottom portion being of a narrower width than the middle and top portions. There is a locking tab at each side of the lower end of the bottom portion and the said shingle is reduced in width between the top and bottom portions within the middle portion in a series of cuts. In one species these cuts are alternately horizontal and vertical while in the other species the cuts are horizontal, vertical and oblique. The exposed area of the shingle when laid on a roof is within the middle and bottom portions of the shingle with the height of the exposed area being the height of the middle and bottom portions.

In both species the top, middle and bottom portions may be of substantially equal height. The top portion of the shingle in both spec1es has tabs attached to each side of the top portion which tabs overlap on adjoining shingles and receive attaching means to secure the shingles in place on a roof.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention will be more fully described hereinafter and willbe particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto.

In the drawings, wherein like symbols refer to like or corresponding parts throughout the several views:

Figure 1 is a plan view of one species of the shingle.

Figure 2 is a plan view of another species of the shingle.

Figure 3 shows a sheet of material of certain width and the manner of cutting the shingles from a sheet of material.

Figure 4 is a plan View showing the shingles laid in several courses serving as a covering.

Figure v5 is a sectional View taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Referring to Figure 1, a shingle is shown of substantially T shape having a top portion I, a middle portion 2, and a bottom portion 3 with the respective top, middle and bottom portions being of substantially equal height. The height of the whole shingle is 18 inches and since it is divided .into three substantially equal portions, the top, middle and bottom portions will be substantially 6 inches each in height. The bottom portion 3 is of a narrower Width than the top and middle portions I and 2 and has locking tabs i and 5 on each side of the lower end of the bottom portion 3.

The shingle is reduced in width between the top and bottom portions I and 3 within the middle portion 2 in a series of cuts 6, 1, 8 and 9. As shown, the cuts 1 and 8 are oblique and the cut 8 forms in interlock or seat with tabs Il and.

5 on adjoining shingles when laid. The tabs Il and 5 have oblique cuts, which flt with oblique cuts 8 on adjoining shingles to make a secure interlock between adjoining shingles.

Figure 2 shows another species of the invention wherein a T shaped shingle is shown having The shingle of Figure 2 is reduced in width between the top and bottom portions l and l2 within the middle portion H in a series of cuts i5, I6, l1 and I8. As shown the cuts I5, i6, l'l and i8 are horizontal and the cut l'l .forms an interlock or seat with tabs i3 and I4 on adjoining shingles when laid. The tabs i3 and I4 have oblique cuts which t with horizontal cut Il on adjoining shingles to make an interlock between adjoining shingles when laid.

The material from which the shingle is made does not enter into the novelty of the invention and the shingle may be made of sheet metal or a flexible material and serve with equal success as'a covering. In Figure 3 is a sheet of material which may be sheet metal material of any metal suitable for a roofing covering or any other covering made in a 36 inch width and of any length desired. The separate shingles can -be stamped from the sheet of material as shown in Figure 3 without any waste of the sheet material. If the shingle be made from a felt asphalt base material coated with slate or rock granules, as one example of a shingle or flexible material, the separate shingles may be cut, in a well known manner in this art, from a sheet of material 36 inches in width and of any length without any waste of material in the cutting. This is very important in manufacture or cutting as it requires additional men to carry away and care for the waste material which adds to the cost of manufacture and further the Waste material cannot be salvaged for any purpose or use. This is a definite advantage in that it conserves material and reduces cost of manufacture.

In applying the shingles as shown in Figure 4, the shingle of Figure 1 is used as an example and the rst course is applied in horizontal alignment with the lower ends of the bottom portions 3 on a common base line I9. The bottom portions 3 of the shingles extending below the common base line i9 are cut off in the finished covering which is a practice well known to applicators. Adjoining shingles in the first course have tabs 20 on each side of the top portion l which overlap and an attaching means 2| is driven through the tabs 20 into sheathing 22 (Figure 5) to hold the shingles secured to the sheathing 22. It can thus be seen that the adjacent shingles have tabs which overlap and one attaching means 2| serves to attach two shingles to the sheathing 22 with a saving of one nail and the time of an applicator.

In the next succeeding course, each shingle is applied over adjacent shingles of the preceding course, and with tabs 4 and 5 on the bottom portion 3 of each shingle tting under the shingles of the first course with the shingle of the second course pulled upwardly until tabs 4 and 5 interlock with cuts 8 in the middle portion of the shingles of the first course. This interlocking of tabs 4 and 5 with cuts 8 and the opposed oblique cuts on tabs 4 and 5 and cut 8 makes a strong interlock. There are means to compensate somewhat for the thickness of the shingle when laid on a roof and from Figure 1 it can be seen that the vertical side between cuts 8 and 9 is 21e inches in length while the distance from the bottom of the shingle to the upper portion of whe're tabs 4 and connect to the bottom portion 3 is 1%; inches. This slight undercutting of the oblique portions allows the oblique portions that t together, to compensate somewhat for the thickness of the shingle when the locking tabs 4 or 5 are pulled into place on the inner ends of cuts 8 of adjoining shingles to allow the assembly of thc shingles with less effort on the part of an applicator and makes a atter joint with less of a bulge sticking up.

If the material of which the shingle is made is 1/8 inch thick, this thickness of shingle may be compensated for as just described or the oblique side 8 may be undercut 1/8 inch to care for the whole thickness of the shingle and the oblique side of the tabs 4 and 5 not undercut at all so that the distance from the bottom of the shingle to the inner top of the tabs 4 and 5 is 2 inches. In other words, a horizontal line through the middle of the oblique side 8 and perpendicular to the vertical side; the distance of the vertical side above the horizontal line will be 1/8 of an inch. If wind gets under the bottom portion 3 of the shingles when laid and tends to lift the bottom portion 3 upwardly, cut 8 and tabs 4 and 5 will ride on their opposed oblique surfaces, and continued raising of bottom portion 3 will make a greater binding action between tabs 4 and 5 and cuts 8 with a tremendous force needed to pull the shingles apart. This interlocking arrangement gives insurance that the shingles when laid on a roof will resist the force of a very strong wind and remain in place without damage to the covering. The tabs 20 of the second course overlap and are secured together as with the shingles of the rst course. A third course is laid and attached in the same manner as for the second course with each course advancing the covering 6 inches.

With the different courses of shingles advancing the covering 6 inches with each course put on, it can easily be seen that every point on the sheathing will have a double covering and at the overlapping tab portions 20 there will be triple coverage. With doubling coverage at every point on the sheathing it is unnecessary to provide the usual felt covering that goes between the shingles and sheathing and further it is unnecessary to remove old roong when the shingle is used as a re-roofer with present known shingles, which give single coverage at some points and allow water to enter between adjacent shingles, it is necessary to provide felting to insure that no leakage of water will pass through the covering. With the present two layer coverage, the felt is unnecessary as the second layer performs the function of the felt along with its other numerous advantages. It is noted that the attaching means 2| for adjacent shingles are so situated when the covering is completed, that water running down over the covering never can get to the attaching means to leak through the holes in tabs 20 made by the attaching means. Further there is little or no likelihood of wind driving water under the bottom portions of the shingles and having sufficient force to drive it to the holes made by the attaching means in view of the secure interlock between adjoining shingles and the distance the water would be forced to travel to reach the attaching means.

As shown in Figure 4, the exposed area of each shingle when laid as a covering, lies within the middle and bottom portions of the shingle with the length of the exposed portion being the full length of the bottom and middle portions. The novelty of the present invention resides in the particular cut or shape of the shingle which allows manufacture from a 'sheet of material without waste of the sheet material in cutting or stamping; and a shingle of such shape that gives all the advantages set forth previously for a covering made with this particular shingle.

The shingles of Figures 1 and 2 may be cut in half at the place of manufacture and bundles of haii shingles made up for making the side edges of a roof. At present, only the full shingle is supplied an applicator and it is necessary for the applicator to halve the shingle on the job when completing the side edge of the roof. This is time consuming for an applicatorand it is hard for an applicator to get a straight cut with a knife or shears. It is desirable therefore to halve the shingles at the point of manufacture for the side edges of the roof and supply the side edge pieces separately to one desiring a rooing job. This operation would only include another cutting or stamping step which could very easily be included in the present manufacturing steps.

While the invention has been described in connection with several speciic embodiments, it is to be understood that the words which have been used are words of description rather than limitation, and that practice of the invention within the scope of the appended claims may be resorted to without departing from the true scope of the invention in all its aspects.

I claim:

l. An interlocking shingle of substantially T shape cut without waste from a sheet of material of set width and providing double coverage at every point on a roof when laid comprising top, middle and bottom portions of substantially equal height, said bottom portion being of a narrower width than the middle and top portions, a locking tab extending from each side of the lower end of the bottom portion, said locking tabs having oblique top portions, said shingle being reduced in width between the top and bottom portions within the middle portion in a series of cuts, the cuts within the middle portions being vertical and oblique, one of the locking tabs with the oblique top portion of onev shingle tted under an oblique cut in the middle portion of anotherl shingle when assembled on a roof, said oblique surfaces guiding the one shingle into place with respect to the other shingle until the edge of the lower portion of the shingle being assembled contacts the edge of the middle portion of the other shingle at the inner ends of the oblique cuts and the exposed area of the shingle when laid 4on a roof being within the middle and bottom portions of the shingle with the height of the exposed area being the height of the middle and bottom portions.

2. An interlocking shingle of substantially T shape cut without waste from a sheet of material of set width and providing double coverage at every point on the roof when laid comprising top, middle and bottom portions of substantially equal height, said bottom portion being of a narrower width than the middle and top portions, a locking tab extending from each side of the lower end of the bottom portion, said locking tabs having oblique top portions, said shingle being reduced in width between the top and bottom portions within the middle portion in a series of cuts, the cuts within the middle portion being vertical and oblique, one of the locking tabs with the .oblique top portion of one shingle tted under an oblique cut in the middle portion of another shingle when assembled on a roof, said oblique surfaces guiding the one shingle into place with respect to the other shingle until the edge of the lower portion of the shingle being assembled contacts the edge of the middle portion of the other shingle at the inner ends of the oblique cuts and means associated with the shingle to compensate for the thickness of the material from which the shingle is made when the shingles are attached together on a roof.

3. An interlocking shingle of substantially T shape cut without waste from a sheet of material of set width and providing double coverage at everypoint on a roof when laid comprising top. middle and bottom portions of substantially equal height, said bottom portion being oi a narrower width than the middle and top portions, a locking tab extending from each side of the lower end of the bottom portion, said locking tabs having oblique top portions, said shingle being reduced in width between the top and bottom portions within the middle portion in a series of cuts, the cuts within the middle portions being vertical and oblique, one of the locking tabs with the oblique top portions of one shingle iitted under an oblique cut in the middle portion of another shingle when assembled on a roof, said oblique surfaces guiding the one shingle into place with respect to the other shingle until the edge of the lower portion of the shingle being assembled contacts the edge of the middle portion of the other shingle at the inner ends of the oblique cuts, the vertical side below the oblique cut on the middle portion being lengthened a distance of half the thickness of the shingle above a horizontal line through the middle of the oblique cut and the vertical side above the locking tabs on the lower portion of the shingle compensating for another portion of the thickness of the shingle.

4. An interlocking shingle of substantially T shape cut without waste from a sheet of material of set width and providing double coverage at every point on a roof when laid comprising top. middle and bottom portions of substantially equal height, said bottom portion being of a narrower width than the middle and top portions, a locking tab extending from each side of the lower end of the bottom portion, said locking tabs having oblique top portions, said shingle being reduced in width between the top and bottom portions within the middle' portion in a series of cuts,-the cuts within the middle portions being vertical and oblique, one of the locking tabs with the oblique top portion of one shingle fitted under an oblique cut in the middle portion of another shingle when assembled on a roof, said oblique surfaces guiding the one shingle into place with respect to the other shingle until the edge of the lower portion of the shingle being assembled contacts the edge of the middle portion of the other shingle at the inner ends of the oblique cuts and tabs attached to each side of the top portion which tabs overlap on adjoining shingles and receive attaching means to secure the shingles in place on a roof.

5. An interlocking shingle of substantially T shape cut without waste from a sheet of material of set width and providing double coverage at every point on a roof when laid comprising top, middle and bottom portions of substantially equal height, said bottom portion being of a narrower width than the middle and top portions, a locking tab extending from each side of the lower end of the bottom portion, said locking tabs having oblique top portions, said shingle being reduced in width between the top and bottom portions within the middle portion in a series of cuts, the cuts within the middle portions being vertical and oblique, one of the locking tabs with the oblique top portion of one shingle fitted under an oblique out in the middle portion of another shingle when assembled on a roof, said oblique surfaces guiding the one shingle into place with respect to the other shingle until the edge of the lower portion of the shingle being assembled contacts the edge of the middle portion of the other shingle at the inner ends of the oblique cuts, the exposed area of the shingle when laid on a roof being within the middle and bottom portions of the shingle 10 with the height of the exposed area being the height of the middle and bottom portions, the vertical side below the oblique cut on the middle portion extending a distance of half the thickness of the shingle above a horizontal line through the middle of the oblique cut and the vertical side above the locking tabs on the lower 5 and receive attaching means to secure the shingles in place on a roof.

JOSEPH L. KILLINGSWORTH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 15 1,849,785 Black Mar. 15, 1932 2,050,218 Abraham Aug. 4, 1936 

